![]() In 1955, Xinjiang was administratively changed from a province into an autonomous region. In 1954, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) to strengthen border defense against the Soviet Union and promote the local economy by settling soldiers into the region. Since 1949 and the Chinese Civil War, it has been part of the People's Republic of China. The territory came under the rule of the Qing dynasty in the 18th century, which was later replaced by the Republic of China. ![]() With a documented history of at least 2,500 years, a succession of people and empires have vied for control over all or parts of this territory. Older English-language reference works often refer to the area as Chinese Turkestan, Chinese Turkistan, East Turkestan and East Turkistan. There are more than a dozen autonomous prefectures and counties for minorities in Xinjiang. ![]() It is home to a number of ethnic groups, including the Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Han Chinese, Tibetans, Hui, Chinese Tajiks ( Pamiris), Mongols, Russians and Sibe. Xinjiang is divided into the Dzungarian Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south by a mountain range and only about 9.7 percent of Xinjiang's land area is fit for human habitation. The most well-known route of the historic Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border. Xinjiang also borders the Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract regions, both administered by China, are claimed by India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Being the largest province-level division of China by area and the 8th-largest country subdivision in the world, Xinjiang spans over 1.6 million square kilometres (620,000 sq mi) and has about 25 million inhabitants. Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia. ![]() Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of Uyghur script. ![]()
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